3.5Tuples and Named Tuples

Tuples are immutable sequences — useful for fixed data like locator pairs in page objects.

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# Tuple for locators (cannot be accidentally modified)
EMAIL_INPUT = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name='email']")
PASSWORD_INPUT = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name='password']")

driver.find_element(*EMAIL_INPUT).send_keys("test@example.com")

# Named tuples for structured test data
from collections import namedtuple
TestUser = namedtuple("TestUser", ["email", "password", "role"])
admin = TestUser("admin@test.com", "AdminPass123!", "admin")
viewer = TestUser("viewer@test.com", "ViewerPass123!", "viewer")

assert admin.role == "admin"